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1.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 4020180000. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1460783

ABSTRACT

Due to high temperatures in arid regions, cotton crop emergence and early establishment ofseedlings are adversely affected. Field studies were undertaken to quantify the effects of transplantation ofcotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings during the early part of the growing season (March) and cropseason (May) for potential realization of cotton productivity under the harsh weather of the southern partof Punjab province, Pakistan. Treatments, consisting of (a) two planting dates (March and May), and (b)two sowing methods (transplanting of seedlings and direct seeding), were arranged in a randomizedcomplete-block design with four replications. Results showed that transplanting seedlings improved theproductivity of cotton by 14.2% over direct seeding. Productivity was also increased substantially (34.8%)by planting during March over May sowing. The practice of planting cotton by transplanting seedlings andearly sowing could be successfully adapted in areas where high temperatures coincide with the Mayplanting and peak blooming periods in different cotton growing areas.


Altas temperaturas, em torno de 48ºC, prevalecem durante os meses de maio na parte do sul da província de Punjab, no Paquistão. A esta temperatura a emergência da colheita de algodão e o estabelecimento precoce da plântula são adversamente afetados. Estudos de campo foram realizados paraquantificar os efeitos do transplante de mudas de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) durante a primeira parteda estação de crescimento (março) e da safra (maio) para a realização potencial da produtividade do algodãosob condições adversas da parte sul do Punjab Província-Paquistão. Os tratamentos, consistindo em(a) duas datas de plantio (março e maio), e (b) dois métodos de semeadura (transplante de mudas e semeadura direta), foram dispostos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os resultados mostraram que o transplante de mudas melhorou a produtividade do algodão em 14,2% em relação à semeadura direta. A produtividade também aumentou substancialmente (34,8%) com o plantioem março sobre a semeadura de maio. A prática de plantio de algodão por transplante de mudas e sua semeadura precoce poderia ser adaptada com sucesso, onde a alta temperatura coincide com o tempo de plantio durante o mês de maio e períodos de florescimento máximo em diferentes áreas de cultivo de algodão.


Subject(s)
24444 , Cotton Industry/analysis , Cotton Industry/economics , Gossypium , Molting
2.
Psicol. soc. (Online) ; 26(spe): 3-13, 2014. mapas, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-718297

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa de doutorado que objetivou compreender as principais relações entre trabalho e política no cotidiano de uma rede autogerida. A Justa Trama reunia à época aproximadamente seiscentas pessoas, de sete empreendimentos econômicos solidários, de todas as regiões brasileiras, abarcando grande parte da cadeia produtiva do algodão agroecológico. Um extenso trabalho de campo, de caráter etnográfico, permitiu acompanhar as atividades políticas da rede entre 2010 e 2012. A filosofia da vida cotidiana de Agnes Heller foi o principal referencial teórico deste estudo. A rede revelou-se dialeticamente como organização de trabalho, cujo fim é gerar renda, e como organização política, de resistência ao modo de produção capitalista. Concluiu-se ainda que a política, no cotidiano da autogestão da rede, pode ser entendida como trabalho. E o trabalho, por sua vez, pode ser tomado como objeto da prática política dos trabalhadores.


El artículo presenta una investigación doctoral que tuvo por objetivos comprender relaciones entre trabajo y política en el cotidiano de una red autogerida. Justa Trama reunía a la época aproximadamente seiscientas personas, de siete emprendimientos económicos solidarios, de todas las regiones de Brasil, abarcando gran parte de la cadena productiva del algodón agroecológico. Un extenso trabajo de campo, de carácter etnográfico, permitió acompañar las actividades políticas de la red entre 2010 y 2012. La filosofía de la vida cotidiana de Agnes Heller fue el principal marco teórico del estudio. La red demostró ser dialécticamente una organización de trabajo, con fines de generar renta, y una organización política, que busca resistir al modo capitalista de producción. Concluimos que la política, en el cotidiano de la autogestión de la red, puede ser entendida como trabajo, y que el trabajo puede ser tomado como objeto de la práctica política de los trabajadores.


This article presents a doctoral research that aimed to discuss relationships between work and politics in the daily lives of a self-managed network. Justa Trama brings together about six hundred workers of seven economic enterprises from all regions of Brazil, it encompasses most of the links in the textile production chain from agroecological cotton plantation. An extensive ethnographic fieldwork enabled to monitor the political activities of the network between 2010-2012. The works of Agnes Heller about daily life are the main theoretical framework of this research. The network proved dialectically as an economic organization, whose purpose is to generate income, and as a political organization, resistance to the capitalist mode of production. It was also concluded that politics in the daily self-management of the network can be regarded as inherent to the work, and the work can be taken as an object of political activity of the group of workers.


Subject(s)
Cooperative Behavior , Work , Cotton Industry , Psychology, Social
3.
Int. arch. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; 17(1): 26-30, Jan.-Mar. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-662522

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The respiratory tract is one of the main points of entry of foreign substances into the body. Because of its location, the respiratory tract is heavily exposed to harmful agents, such as gases, vapors, or aerosols. Aim: Our objective was to evaluate the symptoms of occupational rhinitis in workers exposed to cotton dust. Method: The prospective study population consisted of workers from the "Nova Esperança" Cooperative of Nova Odessa (Sao Paulo), who were studied between September and December 2008. Data were collected through an individually and privately answered questionnaire designed by the author considering the clinical criteria for rhinitis. Results: Using the questionnaire, we evaluated a total of 124 workers. Among these patients, 63.7% complained of nasal obstruction, 57.2% of nasal itching, 46.7% of rhinorrhea, and 66.1% of sneezing. Of the patients considered to have very serious symptoms, 9% had nasal obstruction; 9%, itching; 4%, rhinorrhea; and 6.4%, sneezing. Discussion: Aerosol agents in the environment can clearly aggravate and even initiate rhinitis. From the standpoint of pathogenesis, the mechanisms of classical allergic airway inflammation involving mast cells, IgE, histamine, eosinophils, and lymphocytes may be responsible for the development of rhinitis after exposure to high molecular weight allergens such as proteins derived from animals and plants. This study showed a strong relationship between the occupational exposures associated with work in the cotton textile industry and the symptoms of rhinitis. Conclusion: Analysis of the data clearly showed the occurrence of rhinitis symptoms in these patients, demonstrating that the prevention and treatment of this condition in the workplace is extremely important...


Subject(s)
Humans , Cotton Industry , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Nasal Mucosa/physiopathology , Nasal Obstruction/etiology , Dust/prevention & control , Rhinitis/epidemiology , Rhinitis/prevention & control , Occupational Groups
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